Science Fair hypotheses + research question. Also feedback from group

Science fair

Research Question:

How a grape does become like a raisin?

Hypothesis:  I think that it will take 30 days for a grape to become like a raisin. It will take that much time because it needs to take off the juice it ahs in it and then get smaller and smaller.

Feedback From hatim:   So I think yours was creative. It includes the dependent and independent variables. I think it can be better if the hypothesis can be developed in certain circumstances.

Feedback from Iman: I think Jordan’s research question was very creative and original. I truly enjoyed the fact that no one has done anything similar to this. I think he could have elaborated on his hypothesis and be more detailed about his predictions but otherwise it was very nice.

Feedback for Iman: I think that her research question was really creative because it needs a lot of efforts.  I really liked her idea of talking about this but her hypothesis wasn’t really clear. She needed more details.

Human Fossil Lucy

Lucy is a Fossil found in 2008 in Johannesburg. Matthew found the human fossil after picking up a rock. The early human ancestor specimen that walked the Earth 3.2 million years ago. The skeleton assigned to a species called Ardipithecus ramidus belonged to a small brained, 110 pound (50 kilograms) female nicknamed "Ardi" (Lucy).   The Ardipithecus Ramidus fossils were discovered in Ethiopia's harsh Afar desert at a site called Aramis in the Middle Awash region, just 46 miles from where Lucy's species, Australopithecus afarensis was found in 1974.

Science Essay

How do mass movements and fluids transform or change landforms?

Mass movement and fluids change landforms because of gravity. Gravity is the force that moves rock and other materials, pulls everything toward the center of the earth, causes mass movements which is one of several processes that move sediment downhill. It happens when one of the four types of movements occur. The four mass movements are landslides, mudflows, slump, and creep. Landslides are the most dangerous movements, it happens when rock or soil slide quickly down on slope. Slumps are a mass of rock and soil suddenly slips down a slope. Creeps are a slow downhill movement of rock and soil. It takes place on gentle slopes. Mudflows are rapid downhill movement of mixtures of water, rock, and soil. An example of Mudflows is erosion. Erosion is the process by which natural forces move weathered rock and soil from one place to another. When you see water carrying soil and gravel down a driveway after it rains, it is an example of erosion. Then there is water erosion, Erosion is what destroys houses and landscapes due to rain, which erodes the soil and causes rills and gullies, streams and rivers, and tributaries erosions. Moving water is the major agent of the erosion that has shaped the Earth’s land surface. When the rain moves it carries particles with it, this moving water is called Runoff. Runoff is water that moves over the Earth’s surface, When Runoff travels, it forms tiny grooves in the soil which rills. A gully is a large groove or channel in the soil that carries runoff after a rainstorm. They join together to form a larger channel called a stream. A stream is a channel along which water is continually flowing down a slope, unlike gullies, streams rarely dry up.  Small streams are also called creeks or brooks, a large stream is often called a river, and a stream gets larger by receiving water from tributaries. A tributary is a stream or river that flows into a larger river. For example, the Missouri and Ohio rivers are tributaries of the Mississippi River. Through erosion, a river creates valleys, waterfalls, flood plains, meanders, and oxbow lakes. Waterfalls may occur where a river meets an area of rack that is very hard and erodes slowly. A waterfall forms where a flat layer of tough rock lies over a layer of softer rock that erodes easily. When the softer rock erodes, pieces of the harder rock above break off, creating the waterfall’s sharp drop. During this process, the river spreads out and erodes the land, forming a wide river valley. The flat, wide area of land along a river is a flood plain. A river often develops meanders where it flows through easily eroded rock or sediment. A meander is a loop like bend in the course of a river. The southern stretch of the Mississippi River is one example of a river that meanders on a wide, gently sloping flood plain. Sometimes a meandering river forms a feature called an oxbow lake. An oxbow lake is a meander that has been cut off from the river. An oxbow lake may form when a river floods. As the flood waters fall, sediments dam up the ends of a meander. The meander has become an oxbow lake.

Warm-Up Critical Thinking skills Graded . Can penguins fly ?

I don't think penguins can fly because first they don't have the speed and power to fly, they don't have wings to fly and if they could fly, they would not fly because penguins needs cold air contrary to hot air because they live in cold not in hot. If they began flying, they would reach somewhere where they would be hot really hot air and they don't support hot air. In the video when the penguins flied, it was well done but it was only effects made by BBC for April foul.

Penguins can't fly

Jordan 

Skills Lab Site 1 and 2. Page 322

Site 1.

1. Fossils clues of layer A and B tell me that they existed because the more they are they were a lot of kind of these animals. The environment changed in layer D because the animals in layer A and B died and their was a new generation so this is why they are new animals in layer D.
2. Layer A is the oldest because as I see in the picture that the recent dead animals (layer G) are just down the earth's surface.
3.  Layer G is formed recently because the layer G is just down the Earth above the other layers.
4. They're was no fossil layers in layer C and E because their was extrusion.
5. In layer F the fossils found are Dinosaurs, plants, and birds.

Site 2

6. Layer B may have formed at the same time as layer W.
7. Clue "V" shows an unconformity in the horizontal rock layers. Rock layers W,X, and Y are missing. Their was an intrusion.
8.  Intrusion "V" was older because it is really down and big.
9. So at the earliest layer, they are animals that are recent compared to the other layers. Layer Z had Mammal, bird's and plants which are found know in the world.  Layer "Y" was little more older because they're was the same thing but with dinosaurs. Layer "X" has an extrusion (lava). Layer "W" has animals that were found really long time ago that are not found anymore but some yes such as shells, ammonite, and fish. Then they're was an intrusion in layer "Y" which was hard for paleontologists to find other fossils

The Ten Fossil Questions

1) What are the five types of fossils ?
Mold and casts, Petrified fossils, carbon films, trace fossils and preserved remains.
2) What is a paleontologist?
A paleontologist is a scientist who study fossils.
3) How fossil forms ?
A fossil may form when sediment quickly covers an animal's body.
4) What fossil record provides ?
The fossil record provides evidence to support the theory of evolution. The fossil record also provides evidence about the history of life and past environments on Earth. The fossil, record also shows that different groups of organisms have changed over time.
5) What means "extinct" and which animal got "extincted" ?
Extinct is when a type of organism no longer exists and will never live on earth.  Dinosaurs are extinct.
6) What are the four steps of a fossil forming ?
First an animal dies and sinks into shallow water, then sediment covers the animal, after that, the sediment becomes rock, preserving parts of the animal at last weathering and erosion eventually expose the fossil at the surface.
7) Where does fossils come from?
Fossils come from ancient organisms.
8) What does paleontologists do?
Paleontologists classify organisms. They group similar organisms together. They arrange organisms in the order in which they lived, from earliest to latest.
9) Give five example of old animals.
Coryphodon, Phenacodus, Uintatherium, Hyracotherium, and frigate birds.
10) How does Carbon films form?
Carbon films form when sediment buries an organism, some of the materials that make up the organism evaporate, or become gases. These gases escape from the sediment, leaving carbon behind. Eventually only a thin film carbon remains. This process can preserve the delicate parts of plant leaves and insects.

310-316 Important words + meanings.

Fossils  -  Are preserved remains or traces of living things.
Sedimentary Rock- Is the type of rock that is made of hardened sediment.
A mold- Is a hallow area in sediment in the shape of an organism or part of an organism.
A cast- Is a sold copy of its mold.
Petrified fossils- Are fossils in which minerals replace all or part of an organism.
Carbon Film- Is another type of fossil
Trace Fossils- Provide evidence of the activities of ancient organisms.
Paleontologists- Scientists who study fossils
A scientific theory- Is a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations.
Evolution- Is the gradual change in living things over long periods of time.
Extinct- Is a type of organism, if it no longer exists and will never again live on earth.

This is a place where weathering occured over a long time even made its way through the road.

This is a place where there is not a lot of chance that erosion can occur because plants are holding the soil together.

This is a piece of land where we are almost sure that an erosion can happen there because there are no plants that hold the soil together.

This is a small example of a mud flow that occurred when we poured water on this small muddy hill.

This is a type of weathering that occurred after many days of rain.